Technology questions

1. What Is Email?                                                                                                                                                                      Email is short for ‘electronic mail’. Similar to a letter, it sent via the internet to a recipient. An email address is required to receive email, and that address is unique to the user. Some people use internet based applications and some use programs on their computer to access and store emails. Benefits and Features of using email • It’s quick-your recipient receives your email as soon as they go online and collect their mail. • It’s secure. • It’s low cost. • Photos, documents and other files can be attached to an email, so that more information can be shared. • One email can be sent to more than one recipient at a time.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             2. Difference between Hardware and Software?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Software ;- A set of instructions given to the computer is called software. • You cannot touch and feel software. • Software is developed by writing instructions in programming language. • The operations of computer are controlled through software. • If software is damaged or corrupted, its backup copy can be reinstalled. • Software is affected by computer viruses. • Software can be transferred from one lace to another electronically through network. • User can make many new duplicate copies of the software.                                                                                                                                 Hardware ;- Physical parts of the computer are called hardware. • You can touch, see and feel hardware. • Hardware is constructed using physical materials or components • Computer is hardware, which operates under the control of a software. • If hardware is damaged, it is replaced with new one. • Hardware is not affected by computer viruses. • Hardware cannot be transferred from one place to another electronically • Through network. • User cannot make new duplicate copies of the hardware.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  3. What Is Communication Cycle and Explain Its Stages?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               “Communication is the process of passing information and understanding from one person to another”.-Keith Davis Communication Cycle Communication process/Cycle involves the following elements. 1. Sender Sender is the source of communication. All communications requires a source. Any communication starts from the source or sender. 2. Message • This is the subject-matter of communication. • This may be opinions, attitudes, feelings, views, orders suggestions etc. 3. Encoding • The sender uses certain symbols such as words, action; pictures etc. (or) the ideas are translated into a code or a set of symbols especially in the form of language. Conversation of the subject-matter into these symbols is the process of encoding. 4. Channel • These symbols are transmitted through certain channels. E.g.:-Radio,telephone,letter,face to face talk, depending upon the situation of the two parties namely “sender” and “receiver”(or) It is the link the connects the sender and receiver. 5. Receiver • A person who receives and interprets the message(student) 6. Decoding • It means translating the message into words for the purpose of understanding. 7. Feedback • It refers to the reaction, relay or the response sent by the receiver to the sender. • It is the response the receiver gives to the sender as a result of senders message.                                                                                                                                                                                             4. What is Educational Podcast and Explain the Types of Podcast?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Podcasting consists of listening to audio recordings of lectures. It can be used to review live lectures and to provide opportunities for students to rehearse oral presentations. Podcast may also provide supplemental information to enhance traditional lectures.  Types of Educational Podcast  Audio Podcast As well as providing broadcast audio for public access, children and young people are able to record. Produce and publish on the internet podcast of their very own using basic software. Audio podcasts are still the most popular format at present for creating and publishing a podcast. Ultimately, audio podcasts can be synchronized with many popular MP3 players.  Enhanced Podcast Enhanced podcast may include chapter marks, images that change at predetermined times when the podcast is played and hyper links to websites. You can also easily move to different chapters in the podcast, a feature used extensively in audio books for example.  Video Podcast Video podcast (vodcast) are the very latest in podcasting and provide a full visual and audio experience for the user. Even with dramatic advances in the compression of video and audio files. Video podcast take longer to download, depending on the size used for the video. Advantages o Easy to create, distribute, and download. o New podcast are auto downloaded. o Can restrict podcasts to students enrolled in the course. o No need to invest in a view piece of hardware. o Available any time/anywhere for students. Disadvantages  Need sufficient bandwidth to download the post cast in a timely fashion.  Limited usefulness for hearing impaired people.  No interactivity – audience cannot participate, etc.  Entire file is downloaded to students computer/devices.                                                                                                                                                                                                        5. What is computer assisted Instruction, its advantage and Disadvantages, Types?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      A self-learning technique usually offline/online, involving interaction of the student with programmed instructional materials. Computer-assisted instruction (CAI) is an interactive instructional technique whereby a computer is used to present the instructional material and monitor at learning that takes place. CAI uses a combination of text, graphics, sound and video in enhancing the learning process. The computer has many purposes in the classroom, and it can be utilized to help a student in all areas of the curriculum. CAI refers to the use of the computer as a tool to facilitate and improve instruction.CAI programmes use tutorials, drill and practice, stimulation and problem solving approaches to present topics, and they test the student’s understanding.  Typical CAI provides Text or multimedia content  Multiple-choice questions  Problems  Immediate feedback  Notes on incorrect responses  Summarizes student’s performance  Exercises for practice  Worksheet and tests o Types of Computer Assisted Instruction ¤ Drill-and practice Drill and practice provide opportunities or students to repeatedly practice the skills that have previously been presented and that further practice is necessary for mastery. ¤ Tutorial Tutorial activity includes both the presentation of information and its extension into different forms of work, including drill and practice, games and stimulation. ¤ Games Game software often creates a contest to achieve the highest score and either beat others or beat the computer. ¤ Simulation Simulation software can provide an approximation of reality that does not require the expense of real life or its risks. ¤ Discovery Discovery approach provides a large data base of information course or content area and challenges the learner to analyse, compare, infer and evaluate based on their explorations of the data. ¤ Problem solving This approach helps children develop specific problem solving skills and strategies.  Advantages of CAI  One-to-one interaction  Great motivator  Freedom to experiment with different opinions  Instantaneous response/immediate feedback to the answers elicited  Self-pacing –allow students to proceed all their own pace  Helps teacher can devote more time to individual students  Privacy helps the shy and slow learner to learns  Individual attention  Learn more and more rapidly  Multimedia helps to understand difficult concepts through multi-sensory approach  Self-directed learning-students can decide when, where and what to learn. * Limitations of CAI • May feel overwhelmed by the information and resources available • Over use of multimedia may divert the attention from the content • Learning becomes too mechanical • Non availability of good CAI packages • Lack of infrastructure